Cartridge-magazine



O. V. PAYNE.

CARTRIDGE MAGAZINE. I

APPLICATION FILED MAY|5.1919. 1,347,755. Patented J 11) 27, 1920.

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CARTRIDGE MAGAZEHE.

I APPUCATION FILED MAY 15. HR. A 1 347 755 Patented July 21, 192v.

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unrrsn stares PATENT OFFIQE.

OSCAR V. YAYNE, =3 CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO AUTO-ORDNANCE CORHORA-"SIGN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A. CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

Application filed May 15,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Oscar: V. PAYNE, a citizen of the United States, andresident of Cleveland in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Cartridge-Magazines, of Whichthe following is a specification.

This invention relates to cartridge magazines and more particularly todrum-shaped magazines in which the cartridges are fed along a spiralpassageway.

Magazines of this general character have been. proposed heretofore butfor various reasons have not roved satisfactory. One

because of the curvature of the passageway and owing to the fact thatthe propelling force is usually applied to the rearzanost cartridge andthence successively to the preceding cartridges, so that the cartridgesare forced outwardly against the outer wall of the passageway and tendto bind. The cartridges are usually impelled along the pas sageway by aspring engaging the rearmost cartridge and in larger magaranes thespring must be made heavy and strong to advance the large number ofcartridges when the magazine is relatively full. \Vhen the magazinebecomes almost empty the force required to impel the remainingcartridges is relatively small. Consequently if the spring be madesufiicientlyheavy to 1mpel the larger number of cartridges 1t 1s toostrong to impel the small number of cartridges at the proper rate andwith the proper force and as the cartridges are fed out the force withwhich they are presented to the magazine open ng gradually increases,becoming excessive as the magazine approaches emptiness.

Another objection to spiral n'ra azines of thecharacter heretoforepropose-fl is that Specification of Letters Patent.

1919. Serial No. 297,285.

they are unduly bulky. are ill-shaped for conveni nt manufacture anduse, and have a disproportionate amount of waste space therein. For manyreasons I have found it desirable to make the magazine casing circularand to confine the spiral passageway to an annular space bounded on theoutside by the circular wall of the casing and bounded on the inside bya concentric circular wall or partition of smaller diameter.

. If an ordinary spiral passageway be formed in this armular space itwill leave waste spaces ndjacentthe two walls, the spaces varying inwidth throughout the length of the annular space and together beingequal in areato one complete turn of the spiral passageway.

The principal objects of the present invention are to overcome theaforesaid diificulties and disadvantages incident to spiral magazines ofthe prior art and to provide a spiral magazine in which the cartridgesma Y be advanced without undue friction an binding, in which thecartridges are presented to the delivery opening of the magazinesubstantially uniformly throughoutthe delivery of all the cartridges inthe magazine, and in which the spring or other means for impelling thecartridges toward the delivery opening of the magazine mav be madesufficiently strong to properly advance the entire mass of cartridgeswhen the magazine is relatively full without interfering with the properpresentation of the cartridges to the delivery opening when the magazineapproaches emptiness.

Other objects of the invention are to provide a magazine in hich themotive spring may be wound either before or after the magazine isfilledand generally to improve the construction of such magazineswhereby they may be readily constructed at low cost .and whereby theyare convenient and reliah e in use.

3'1 one aspect the invention consists in 1.=rc-viding separate means foradvancing the cartridges toward the deli ery opening of the magazine andfor presenting the cartridges to the opening after they have beenbrought into the region thereof. The latter means preferably comprises aspring or other motive means (as opposed to a stationary guide) whichisadapted to present tlie cartridges individually to the opening. Thusthe cartridges may be advanced col- Patented July 2'7, 1920.

lectrely, either in toto or in groups, by the main motive means and thenbe presented individually-to the delivery opening by the other motivemeans. The delivery opening, spiral passageway and the two motive meansare preferably so arranged that the main motive means advances thecartridges along a. path transverse of the opening and the other motivemeans moves the cartridges transversely of said path. Thus each motivemeans impart a separate and distinct motion to the cartridges. Moreoverthe latter motive means preferably acts as a stop to restrain the actionof the main motive means after each foremost cartridge has been advancedthereto and untrl the cartridge has bees. delivered from the m agazinc.

bind and the 'undue friction, especially against the outer wall of thelong passage way, which has heretofore rendered it practi ca1lyimpossible to employ spiral magazines except in small sizes. The rotorarms are made to extend across the inner turns of the spiral passagewayinto the outer turn so that each arm impels a plurality of groups ofcartridges in the respective turns-of the passageway. Moreover the armsare preferably so shaped that the space between adjacentarms in eachturn of the passageway is substantially equal to the added diameter of agroup of cartridges and by flaring the arms outwardly the space in eachturn ma be made equal so that that the space in each turn will hold thesame number of cartridges in a fairly close group.

In another as ect the invention comprises a spring for actuating theaforesaid rotor together with means for winding the spring and holdingit wound. The winding means preferahly comprises a shaft journaled inthe magazine concentrically with the rotor, the actuating spring beingconnected at its opposite end to the shaft and rotorrespectively,together with one or more members extending outwardly from the shaftalong the wall of the magazine case, said members and case havlncoiiperating catches adapted to hold sai shaft against bacliwai rirotation by the spring. Said member preferably comprises a disk of sheetmetal secured to the shaft and provided with struck-up spring fingersadapted to engage the catches provided on the mage- In another aspectthe invention consists zine case Said shaft may also serve as a. bearingtor the rotor. I

In still anather aspect the invention consists in form ng the spiralpassageway not in the form 0% a true spiral but in the form of a. modfied spiral, the modified spiral preferably being circular throughout apor tion or portions of its length. For example, throughout a. sector of210 the turns of the passageway are made circular and concentric andthroaghout. the remaining sector the passageway is so curved as toconnect one end of the next circular portion to the other end of thenext circular turn, thereby forming a continuous passageway which is anapproximate spiral. In this way a longer passageway can be formed in agiven annular space as will more clearly appear he? 'einafter.

Gther as ects of the invention will be apparent from the followingdescription and the accompanying drawings in which- Figure I. is a sideelevation of the magazinc applied to a firearm, the firearm being shownmore or less diagramatically in section;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the magazme;

Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section of the magazine;

Fig. 4.- is an end elevation of the mega.- zine rotor looking from therear;

Fig. 5 is aplan view of the rotor;

Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the magazine with the cover removed andthe rotor in'section;

Fig. 7 is a detailed view corresponding to Fig. 6, showing the parts ina difi'erent position;

Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating the mode of operation;

Fig. 9 is a section on line 9-9 of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 10 is asection on line 10-10 of he particular embodiment of theinvention chosen for the purpose of illustration comprises a drum-shapedcase. C havin a cover C covering its forward open side.

In axial-openings in the case C and cover C is journaled a tubular shaftlwhich projects from the opposite sides of the case.

Shou ders are provided on the shaft L on each side of the case byproviding annular grooves in the shaft; an retaining means are providedto fit in behind the shoulders to serve the two-fold purpose ofretaining the shaft against axial movement in the case and of holdingthe cover on the case. As shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 the retaining meansare in the form of debents 35 and 36 pivotally mounted on the endwallsof the case by means of pins 37 and provided with forked portionsadapted, to into the grooves in the shaft. In order to hold the 180 has.it-MA v v fisiegnnthejhaft Land-the outer --walldisposed aF-coil spring4 whi :h' is anchored I to the rotor wall 3 at one end by'means of disk9 by meansof rivets 15.

detents in position the free ends thereof are" -cnd walls of the case(Fig.

Mounted on the end v'alls of the case are horizontal guides 39 and 10adapted to slide horizontally into grooves in a. firearm, as illustratedin Fig. 1. On the rear wall of the case is mounted a. stop 41 having avertical groove 42 in the center and sloping surfaces 43 sndl-L oneither side of the groove; This stop is adapted to cooperate with adetent on the firearm to lock the magazine against transverse movementafter the guides 39 and 40 have been slipped into the correspondinggrooves in the firearm until the delivery opening 33 of the magazine ispositioned immediately below the boltof the firearm. By sloping thefaces 43 and 14 on each side of the groove 42' the .magazine mav beinserted from either side and the detent on the firearm will ride up oneof the sloping surfaces and snap into the groove 42. This means forlocking the magazine against transverse movement is described andclaimed in my co-pending application, Serial N 297,282 filed on even.date herewith.

Rotatably mounted .on the shaft. 1 a

rivets 5 (Fig. 6) and at the other end to the shaft 1 by means of a pin6 (Figs. 3 and 6). An annular flange '1 is formed on the shaft 1immediately within the end wall 8 of the case C and to this flange issecured a A. sprin catch or bifurcated washer 35' is arrange to fit intoa groove in the shaft 1, as shown in Fig. 3, to hold the rotor inposition on the shaft. As shown in elevation in Fig (the disk 9 isintersected with a plurality of oblique slots 10 thus-providing fingers11 which have their outer ends 12 bent outwardly in radial planes. Therear wall of the case C is provided with a. plurality of indentations 13which resent radial shoulders 14 in the path 0 the ends '12 of thefingers 11 and facing in such direction as to en e the ends 12 andprevent the disk 9 an s aft 1 fro rotating'in a clockwise direction(Figs; and 10). However the fingers'll on the disk 9 are sufiicientlyflexible to permit the ends 12 to ride over. the indentations 13 whenthe disk is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction (Fig. 4).

Mounted on the outer periphery of the wall 3 of therotor are a pluralityof arms oi fingers 16 which extend outwardly into close proximila' tothe outer peripheral wall 7 of the case These fingers are provided onone side with radial faces 18 and on their delivery ope tially inspirals so as to form therebetween spiral channels of sufficientwidth toreceive the ends of the cartridges, as shown for example in Figs. 3 and6. The guide members 24 and 25 are preferably made in the form offlexible bands of sheet metal and are secured along their outer edges tothe end wall: of the resin r C in any suitable manner but preferably yproviding tabs at intervals along their outer edges adapted to fitthrough slots in the walls of the case and be riveted therein. Thus inthe detailed view shown in Fig. 9 the band 24: is provided with a tab 26which projects through a slot in the wall 3 of the casing and is rivetedover on the outside it being understood that these tabs 26 are providedat suitable intervals along the idesi24= and *tlie wens ofthecEiiig-affords a convenient method of accurately positioning theuides' Y on the casing inasmuch as the series 0 slots adapted to receivethe tabs 26 on the guide members may be stamped in the walls ofthe casein the proper positions by means of a. die and in order to position theguides accuratelv in the case it is then onl necessary to slots andrivet the tabs therein.

As shown in Fig. 6 the guides 24 and 25 sitioned in the case thatthespiral are so channel therebetween begins at the position occupied bycartridge 27 and progresses in a cloc nin 28. While the dos may j i gfiia channel be so positioned as to make t exactly spiralI havediscovered that the channel maybe made longer-in a. given am 2.

riphera wall of the case by making-the 1:

channel in the form of: a modifiedspiralif rv- As illustrated in Fig. 6this modified spiral comprises circular portions concentric with thearise! the case extending from the top nular ace between the rotor an ofthe magazine through 210 in a. counterclochvise direction around to theposition occupied by cartridge 27. The remaining portions of the wallsextending through the remaining 150 are substantially circular but thecenter of curvature of these portions is shifted so that the oppositeends of the 150 portions connect with the succeeding flex them and fitthe tabs mto the kwise direction and terminates at the v 25, as shown 95v 35 means of the bolt of the firearm.

in Fig. 6 the stops 31 and springs 32 are=- Fig. 6 the annular spacebetween the rotor and the peripheral wall of the case C is substantiallyiqual in radial width to thewidth of two cartridge channels. In a spaceof this width a truly spiral channel could only 10 be extended through360 and there would be waste spaces inside and outside this channelwhich would be equal in area to a 360 channel. However by shaping thechannels in the manner described the channel can be extended through atleast 570, as illustrated in Fig. 6, leaving waste spaces 29 and 36which are together only equal to the area of a portion of the channelextending through 15 instead of 360. Obviously the circular portions ofthe channels which are concentric with the case may be extendedthroughout angles of more or less than 210 with a proportionate savingof space.

Mounted on the inside of the peripheral wall'li of the case C,immediately in advance of the delivery opening 28, is a. pair of stops31 and a pair of springs 32, the stops being disposed transversely ofthe channel in position to engage theforemost cartridge and the springs32 being arrangedto engage the foremost cartridge on the inside andforce it outwardly into the position shown in Fig.- 6, where it may beprojected through the opening 33 in the cover C by As shown formed ofsingle bands of spring material folded and bent into the shape shown andsecured to the peripheral wall of the case by to means of bolts 34. Asshown in Fig. 3 the guide walls 24 and 25 and the stops 31 and springs32 are spaced apart a sufficient distance to permit the rotor fingers 16to pass therebetween.

5 The operation of the mechanism is as follows: The spring 4 may bewound either before or after the cartridges are placed in the magazine.It may be wound before the cartridges are placed in the magazine by rei0moving the cover and rotating the rotor in a counter-clcckwise directionuntil the spring is properly tensioned. The rotor may then be held inthis positionby inserting a cartridge into the position occupied by 5cartridge 46 in F ig; 6. As the spring is wound it imparts a rotativeforce to the shaft 1 in a clockwise. direction '(Fig. 6) but ,the shaftis prevented from rotating due to the fact that the spring fingers onthe 0 disk-9 engage the stops 13 on the rear wall of the case. Thespring 4 may be wound after the magazine has been filled with cartrid esby means of a crank adapted to 'extend into the hollow shaft 1. andhaving a 5 forked end adapted to strad-lle the pin 6.

To wind the spring in this fashion the shaft is rotated in a clockwisedirection (Fig. 6).

The cartridges are arranged in the Ina-gazine in groups as shown in Fig.6, the foremost cartridge 46 holding the rotor against rotation byengagement with the stops 31. Owing to the peculiar shaping of the rotorfingers 16 the space between the rotor fingers in each portion of thespiral channel is equal in length notwithstanding the fact that theportions are disposed at different radial distances from the rotor.Moreover the forward faces of the rotor fingers are radia so that theforces applied to the various groups of cartridges are longitudinal ofthe channels. As the. foremost cartridge is fed out of the magazinethrough the delivery opening 33 the next. cartridge is moved forwardlyuntil it engages the stops 31, the spring fingers 32 being presseddownwardly into the position shown in Fig. 7. So long as the bolt of thefirearm is above the magazine the next cartridge is held in thisposition thereby. However when the bolt is re tracted from above themagazine the springs 32 quickly flip the cartridge up into the posit-ionshown in Fig. 6.

. Thus the advance of each cartridge into the position to be picked upby the bolt is along the spiral channel into engagementwith the stop 31and the second stage in- I volves the movement of the cartridgetransversely of the s iral channel into the position shown in is produced bymeans of the main spring 4 and in this movement all of the cartridgesare advanced one step. The second movement of the foremost cartridge isproduced by the springs 32 and this movement is individual-to theforemost cartridge, the remaining cartridges remaining stationary dnringthis movement. The arrangement whereby the cartridges are advancedcolleetivelyinto positions ad- 1;;- 6. The first movement jacent thedelivery opening and are then moved individually into position in thedelivery opening by separate means is'a distinct lmprovementover theprior artwherein only a single motive means is provided to advance thecartridges. This will be ap- P tby reference to Fig. l'wherein is showna bolt B having a forward portion I p v V 48 adapted to reciprocate toand fro above the magazine between the'f ull line position and the doted line position 49. In this figure the line 6 indicates the transverseplane of the forward face of the bolt when in retracted position; arepresents the plane of the forward edge of the bolt when it engages theforemost cartridge in the magazine in its forward movement; 6 representsthe transverse plane of the forward edge of the bolt when the foremostcartridge leaves the magazine; 0 represents the transverse plane of thebolt when in firing position; (i represents the point where the foremostcartridge is uncovered by the bolt on its rearward stroke and iics inthe plane a- The oiagmm in 1 lg. 8 represents a compnztc cycle of thebolt beginning on the left at pointe where the bolt is in firingposition and progressing in the direction of the ar row to the point 4where the foremost cartridge is uncovered by the bolt and permitted tobe moved upwardly into position in the path of the bolt, thence to pointe where the boltis in extreme retracted position, thence to point awherethe bolt engages the rear end of the mrtridgc, thence to point 6where the cartridge has been moved out of the magazine and thence topoint; a which completes the cycle. The first movement of the foremostcartridge, which is accompanied by a corresponding movement of ail ofthe cartridges, takes place between points I) and (l of the cycle. 2'.ewhile the bolt is traveling forward from plane I) to firing positionand then returning to plane (I (1* ig. 1). The second movement of the.foremost cart-ridge, which is an individual movement- 'according to thepresentiuveiition, takes place between the points d and a of the cycle,11 e. while the bolt is traveling rearwardly from point a-d to retractedposition and then returning to plane a (Fig. 1). The interval of timecc-tween points d and a, i. e., between the time when the foremostcartridge is uncovered by the bolt; in its rearvanced along the longcurved channels there substantially circular casing ha ing a delivcryopening at the periphery thereof, means for advancing cartridgescircumfercnt-ially toward sa:d opening and other means for propellzngthe cartridges radially to said openingward movement and the instantwhen the bolt engages the cartridge in its forward movement, is v'eryshort and in order to ad vance the cartridge into position to be pickedup by the bolt. it must be moved very quickly during this short intervaLHeretofore it has b an customary: roduce bath of the aforesaid movements0' the foremost cartridge by means of a single main spring correspondingto spring 4 in the present disclosure. As hcreinbefore explained this isunsatisfactory where a large numbercf cartridges mustbe advanced inasmuch as the inc rtia of the mass is so great that the second movementcannot be effected suiliciently quickly to insure the bolt picln'ng u Ja cartridgedurin each forward st-rolze.

owever by providing separate motive means (springs 32 in thepresentdisclosure) individually to produce the second movement of thecartridge the second movement. can be efi'ected almost instantaneouslyand this insures reliable and uniform operation.

Another important advantage of this magazine is that the cartridges areadvanced in groups by means of the rotor instead of be ing advanced in asingle train by means engaging only the rearmost cartridge. Qwing to thefact that the cartridges must be ad- 2. A cartridge magazine comprisinga substantially ircular casing having a delivery opening at theperiphery thereof, means including a circumferentially acting spring foradvancing cartridges toward said opening, and other means including aradially acting spring for presenting the cartridges to said opening.

3. A cartri ge magazine comprising acontaincr having an o ening through"which cartridges may be delivered therefrom,

means for advancing cartridges toward said opening, and a. leaf springadapted to be flexed by the advancing cartridges and thereby posirivdyto present the cartridges to said opening.

4-. A cartridge magazine comprising a circular casing having a deliveryopening at the periphery thereof, means for advancing cartridgescircumferentially toward said opening. and a leaf spring mounted in saidcasing with its free end extending across said opening in position to beflexed away from the opening by the advancing cartridges, therebypositively to present the foremost cartridge to the opening by itsresiliency.

5. A cartridge magazine comprishig a container having an opening throughwhich cartridges may be delivered therefrom, means for advancing'thecartridgestoward said opening along a path transverse of said opening.and other means for successively moving the cartridges substantiallyperpen 'j diculariy of said path to said opening, said last means beingarranged to impartits proelling force to each cartridge substantially inthe direction of the path of movement of the cartridge to said opening.1

6. A cartridge magazine comprising a container having an opening throughwhich ca rtridges may be delivered there-from, means for collectiv :lyadvancing the cartridges toward said opening along apath transverse ofsaid opening, and other means for individually propelling the cartridgestransversely of said path to said opening, said last means being movabletransversely of said path.

7. A cartridge magazine comprising a container having an opening throughwhich cartridges may be delivered therefrom, means including a springfor urging the cartridges toward said opening, and other means forindividually moving the cartmeans acting substantially perpendicularly.

to said first means.

9. A cartridge magazine comprising titantainer having an opening throughwhich cartridges may be delivered and having a spiral passageway alongwhich cartridges may be fed to said opening, said passageway extendingthrough more than 360 so as to have overlapping portions and a rotormounted to rotate substantlally about the central axis of saidpassageway, said rotor having arms extending outwardly at spacedintervals across the inner portions of said overlapping portions intothe outer portions, said arms being shaped so that the distancetherebetween is substantially equal in each of said portions and so thatthe forward faces of the arms are substantially radial, wherebycartridges placed in said portions of the passageway between said armsmay be advanced in equal groups upon rotation of the rotor.

10. A cartridge magazine comprisinga. container having an openin throughwhich cartridges may be dehvere and havi an approximately spiralpassageway si l ong which cartridges may be led to said opening. saidpassageway comprising more than one turn so as to have overlappingportions, the portions of the turns defined by one sector beingsubstantially circular and the portions of the turns defined by theremaining sectoralso being substantially circular, the center ofcurvature of the second said portions being shifted relatively to thecenter of curvature of the first said portions so that the ends of thesecond portions connect with the ends of succeeding turns of the firstportions, and each of said sectors being of sulficient angular extent tomake the junctions of the turns of the two sectors substantiallytangential. r

11. A cartridge magazine comprising a container having an openingthrough which cartridges may be delivered and having an approximatelyspiral passageway along which cartridges may be fed to said opening,said passageway comprisin more than one turn so as to have overlappingportions, the portions of the turns defined by one" sector beingsubstantially circular and the portions of the turns defined by theremaining sector also being substantially circu ar the cen-' ter ofcurvature ofthe second said portions being shifted relatively to thecenter of curvature of the first said portions, so that the ends of thesecond port-ions connect with the ends of succeeding turns of the firstportions, and the smaller of said sectors being at least of the order ofone-third of a turn so as to make the junctions of the turns of the twosectors substantially tangential.

12. A cartridge magazine comprising a drum-shaped container having anopening at one side through which cartridges may be delivered, and a.spiral wall disposed in said container substantially concentrically.

therewith to form a spiral passageway leading to said opening, said wallhaving ears extending through openings in one end of saidcontainer tosecure the wall thereto.

13'. The method of forming a spiral passageway in a cartridge containerof the character; described which comprises stamping a series of spacedslots in a wall of the container along a spiral path, forming a flexibleband of material with ears in one side adapted to fit the slots andsimilarly spaced, and then flexing the band and securing the cars intothe slots.

14. A cart-ridge magazine comprising a container having an openingthrough which cartridges may be delivered and having an arcuatepassageway along which cartridges may be fed to said opening, a rotorfor advancing cartridges along said passageway to said opening, a shaftrotatably mounted in said containerconcentrically with said rotor, acoil spring connected to sand rotor .at one end and to said shaft at theother end for actuating said rotor, and a disk mounted on said shaft toextend outwardly along the wall of said container, said disk and comtainer having cooperating catches arranged to permit said shaift to berotated in one direction to wind said spring but to prevent the shaftfrom rotating in the opposite direction.

15. A cartridge magazine comprising a container having an openingthrough which cartridges may be delivered and having an arcuatepassageway along which cartridges may be fed to said opening, a rotorfor advancing cartridges along said passageway to said opening, a, shaftrotatably mounted in said container concentrically with said rotor, :1coil spring connected to said rotor at one end and to said shaft at theother end for actuating said rotor, and a disk mounted on said shaft toextend outwardly along the wall of said container, said disk andcontainer having cooperating catches arranged to permit said shaftto berotated in one direction to wind said spring butto prevent the shaftfrom rotating in the opposite direction, said disk being formed of sheetmetal and the catches thereon comprising flexible fingers stuck uptherefrom.

16. A cartridge magazine comprising a drum-shaped case, a shaft axiallyj'ournaled in said container, the shaft having shoulders disposed oneach side of the case, and detents movable into position behind saidshoulders to restrain axial movement of said shaft. v

17. A cartridge magazine comprising a drum-shaped case open at one end,a cover with said shaft for holding the cover on the 7 case.

18. A cartridge magazine comprising a drum-shaped case open at one end,a cover for said end, a shaftaxially journaled in said case and cover,and means associated with the shaft both to restrain axial movement ofthe shaft and to hold the cover on the case.

19. A cartridge magazine comprising a (llllnlEi13,-C( l case open at oneend, a cover for said end, a shaft axially journaled in said case andcover, the shaft having shoulders on each side of the case, and detentsmovable into position behind said shoulders to restrain axial movementof said shaftand to hold said cover on the case.

Signed by me at New York, N. Y., this 28th day of March, 1919.

OSCAR V. PAYNE.

